Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. Its population is only about one-fifth of Russia's however. Nearly 90% of Canadians live within 200 km of the border with the United States, which means that Canada contains vast expanses of wilderness to the north. The relationship to its powerful neighbour is a defining factor for Canada. The US and Canada have the world's largest trading relationship.

• Population: 33.2 million (UN, 2008)
• Capital: Ottawa
• Area: 9.9 million sq km (3.8 million sq miles)
• Major languages: English, French (both official)
• Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michaelle Jean
• Prime Minister: Stephen Harper